Ejma Bellows Software Downloads
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The most optimum bellows is designed for the operating and upset conditions, has a high instability pressure, AND has only one long-seam weld. The bottom line. EJMA has the most practical design curve; using it as a bench mark will give you the best all-around bellows design.
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Factor establishing relationship between the equivalent axial displacement per convolution due to lateral deflection. In case of external pressure the reinforcing effect of a possible external collar is excluded. Lateral Working Spring Rate: A cycle is defined as one complete movement from the initial position in the piping system to the operating position and back to standads initial position.
Axial Working Spring Rate: Bellows are rated by the manufacturer in terms of maximum allowable axial displacement per convolution, ec and ee. This condition is predominantly associated with high meridional bending stress at the root and crest of the convolutions. Calculated maximum pressure in PSIG before expansion joint may squirm because of inplane instability.
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Excessive internal pressure may cause a bellows to become unstable and squirm. It is calculated as either Lb or Lu plus length of pipe ends.
This condition is most associated with bellows which have a relatively large length-to-diameter ration and is similar to the buckling of a column under compressive load. Cycle Life is theoretical and is dependent upon the maximum stress range to which the bellows is subjected.
This is calculated stwndards the full effective cross section of the bellows known as the effective area. It is used in specific design calculations to relate U-shaped bellows convolution segment behavior to a simple strip beam. The maximum amount of movement axial extension, axial compression, lateral deflection, angular rotation, or any combination thereof which an Expansion Joint is capable of absorbing. Bellows circumferential membrane stress due to pressure.
Column squirm is defined as a gross lateral shift of the centre section of the bellows. Bellows meridional bending stress due to deflection.
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This is the displacement of the longitudinal axis of the Expansion Joint from its initial straight line position into a circular arc. Bellows material thickness for one ply, corrected for thinning during the forming of the bellows convolutions.
EJMA carries out extensive technical research and testing on many important aspects of expansion joint design and manufacturing. Total length of the expansion joint including the possible pipe ends.
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Bellows Yield at Temp: Bellows convoluted length or live length.
The work hardening of austenitic stainless steel, induced during the forming of convolutions, generally improves the fatigue life of an Standarvs Joint often to a marked degree. Bellows meridional membrane stress due to deflection. The design of every Expansion Joint must be such that the total displacement per convolution from all sources does not exceed the rated values.
EJMA 10th Edition
Total Equivalent Max Axial: Bellows meridional membrane stress due to pressure. Bellows E at Temperature: Calculated stanfards pressure in PSIG before expansion joint may squirm because of column instability.
In order to evaluate the loads upon piping, supports, or equipment, it is necessary to determine the lateral forces and moments required to move an Expansion Joint. Angular rotation is occasionally referred to as rotational movement and is shown in LBS per degree. Zero length is shown for single bellows. Pressure thrust can be calculated by multiplying the working pressure by the effective area PSIG x Ae.